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Novellus authors investigated the film characteristics and process integration of TaN produced using iALD. High-density TaN with low resistivity and excellent conformality is demonstrated. With the adoption of Cu metallization, metal barriers such as TaN are needed to enhance the adhesion of metal
on Mn capping layers and diffusion barriers in copper interconnects for TSV and on-chip vias, including a unique void ..... provided some insights into the ideal hard mask for copper interconnects at 20nm and below. Carbon films are deposited
the ~3-4% /year exponentially increasing costs due to technology cycle upgrades and insertions, e.g., copper interconnects replacing aluminum. Although not necessarily desired, the ITRS has been anticipating a slowdown in the rate of
interconnects for use with silicon electronics -- will enable electronics to handle larger quanitites of data than current copper interconnects . However, silicon has proven to have a difficult atomic structure for light sources. Semiconductor lasers provide